Photo Credit: Courtesy: NCERT
What’s Out
The NCERT social science textbook for 2024-25 had a detailed section on the rulers of Delhi and included sections on the administration under the Khaljis and the Tughluqs. It also had a chapter on the Mughals and detailed administration under their rule in the 16th and 17th centuries.
The chapter on Mughals introduced the dynasty, detailed their military campaigns, their traditions on succession and their relationships with other rulers. It spoke about Mansabdars, Jagirdars and the Zamindari system.
It must, however, be pointed out that these chapters were in the part-2 textbook for Class 7 students, and the one released for this year is part-1. According to reports, officials have said that the second part is likely to be released in a few months, but they have not commented on whether the second part will include the history of the Mughals and Delhi Sultanate rulers.
Photo Credit: Courtesy: NCERT
What Ministers Said
Asked about the new NCERT textbook, Union Minister Sukanta Majumdar has said the Mughal era has not been removed from the book, but only repetitive content has been edited out. “It has not been dropped. Repetition has been removed. Repetition should not be there,” said Mr Majumdar, the Minister of State for Education.
“The Mughal era is an important part of Indian history. Similar importance should be given to the other era also, the one which was India’s golden period,” he said, adding that the Mughal period is “the darkest part of Indian history.”
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh recently pointed to the “glorification” of Mughal ruler Aurangzeb in Indian history textbooks. “In our history books, even a cruel and ruthless ruler like Aurangzeb has been presented in a glorified manner. Due to this distorted history, some people attempt to portray Aurangzeb as a hero,” he said.
The ‘Saffronisation’ Debate
The missing Mughals in the Class 7 textbook are likely to rekindle the allegations of saffronisation against the Narendra Modi government. Opposition parties and social outfits have been accusing the government of tweaking history books for political objectives.
The government, including Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, has trashed these allegations and maintained that there is no plan to erase anything from history books, but it has stressed that India’s history lessons cannot be restricted to the victories of “Mughal aggressors” and claimed a Western influence in the earlier education system.
Right-wing outfits have often spoken about reclaiming Hindu temples destroyed during the Mughal rule and alleged that Hindu rulers did not get adequate importance in history books. Recently, emotions ran high after Bollywood movie Chhava, which told the story of Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj. Multiple BJP leaders had then demanded the removal of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s tomb from Maharashtra.